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Balakrishnan, Vancheeswar
- The Spark that Fired the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India:The Triangulation Survey Made between Fort St. George (13°08′n) and Mangalore (12°91′n) by William Lambton in the Early 1800s*
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23 MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
1 Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23 MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 147-154Abstract
In 1800, the English East-India Company at Fort St. George (≈ Madras) ordered surveys of peninsular India for political reasons. William Lambton of the 33rd Regiment of Foot – who had just arrived in Madras to join the army marching against the Mysore Tiger Tipu Sultan in 1799 – started the scientifically accurate landscape measurement using trigonometric methods in 1801, one of the three major surveys that were concurrently launched and referred in the pages of India’s science history as the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India (GTSI). Lambton led this project until his death in Hinganghat (presently in Maharashtra) in 1823. From then, his trainee George Everest took over and completed the project. Much has been written about the Lambton–Everest GTSI, but little has been mentioned on the preliminary survey that Lambton carried out from 1804 of the landscape between Fort St. George (Madras), Bangalore and Mangalore, and on fixing the global coordinates of the towns in between. The science used in this survey of c. 360 miles (570 km) between the Coromandel and the Malabar Coasts is stunning in terms of its accuracy of details, given the quality of tools and gadgets Lambton and his team used. This survey was the spark that fired GTSI. The Fort St. George–Bangalore–Mangalore survey on completion in 1810, progressed slightly northwards and southwards initially and later got extended all over British India. The Madras Observatory established by Michael Topping and the pioneering astronomy and physics – built on elegant mathematics – marshalled by his successor John Goldingham offered considerable scientific back-up and clarity to Lambton’s GTSI project.Full Text
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23, MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
1 Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, AU
2 C-23, MES Colony, Venkatapuram, Secunderabad 500 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 1216-1221Abstract
The Madras Journal of Literature and Science (MJLS, 1836, 4) carries a four-page article entitled ‘An account of a railroad laid in the Vaddavaur district’. This article refers to a temporary, c. 500-yard long railroad built in Vaddavaur (read as Vadavãr) located at the confluence of Kôllidam and Vadavãru rivers. This railroad was laid to move building materials necessary for the construction of a dam – referred as the Vadavãr dam – supervised by the Madras construction engineer Arthur Thomas Cotton in the 1830s. Since this article was published in the July–October issue of MJLS 1836, the logical deduction would be that this railroad was completed before July 1836. This human-pushed railway, therefore, precedes the presently recognized earliest goods-transporting Red Hills Railway, at least by a year, which operated between Chintãdaripét and Red Hills in Madras from 1837. The 1836 MJLS article on the Vadavãr-railroad provides fascinating details of railway engineering of the day in the Madras Presidency that are highlighted in the present note.Keywords
No Keywords.Full Text
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